Abstract: Objective  To systematically evaluate the risk factors for early readmission of maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients, and to provide a reference for early identification and intervention.  Methods  A systematic search for risk factors for early readmission in MHD patients in the databases of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, CNKI, WanFang, VIP and CBM from establishment of the databases to February 2023 was carried out. Meta-analysis was performed by Revman5.3 software.  Results  A total of 13 articles with 774,826 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that female (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05～1.11, P＜0.001), smoking (OR=1.56, 95% CI: 1.09～2.23, P=0.010), alcohol consumption (OR=1.24, 95% CI: 1.04～1.48, P=0.020), medication misuse (OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.05～1.11, P＜0.001), cerebrovascular disease (OR=1.17, 95% CI: 1.08～1.26, P＜0.001), coronary artery disease (OR=1.27, 95% CI: 1.08～1.49,＜0.001), heart failure (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.19～1.37, P＜0.001), diabetes (OR=1.13, 95% CI: 1.06～1.20, P＜0.001), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR=1.20, 95% CI: 1.12～1.28, P＜0.001), Hb (MD=-9.29, 95% CI: -14.06～-4.53, P＜0.001), Alb (MD=-3.51, 95% CI: -4.44～-2.58, P＜0.001) and central venous catheterization (OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.15～1.37, P＜0.001) were the risk factors for early readmission in MHD patients.   Conclusion  Clinical staff can identify the MHD patients with the risk of early readmission based on the above factors and take interventions to improve their quality of care, reduce healthcare costs and optimize healthcare resources.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Readmission, Risk factor