Abstract: Endogenous erythropoietin deficiency is the main cause of anemia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) is the most effective medicine for treatment of anemia in CKD. The new generation of long-acting EPO has the advantages of longer half-life and stability, which reduces the mortality risk due to high EPO dosage for hyporesponsiveness patients. Hypoxia inducible factor is the main regulatory factor for EPO production. The hypoxia inducible factor proline hydroxylase inhibitor (FG-4592) provides a new way for the treatment of renal anemia.

Key words: erythropoietin, anemia, chronic kidney disease, hypoxia-inducible factors