Objective To study the relationship between mineral metabolic disorders and vascular calcification in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients. Methods A total of 91 MHD patients in our dialysis center were enrolled, and their serum calcium, phosphorous, intact PTH (iPTH), 1-84 PTH, 25(OH)D and ALP were measured. X-ray examinations of hands, pelvis and lateral lumbar spine were applied to evaluate vascular calcification. One-way ANOVA and Student-Newman-Keuls were used to compare the differences in quantitative data. Pearson correlation was used to study correlation between two parameters. Result Twenty-two patients scored 0 without vascular calcification, 38 patients scored 1~3 with mild degree of vascular calcification, 20 patients scored 4~6 with moderate degree of vascular calcification, and 11 patients scored 7~10 with severe degree of vascular calcification. The prevalence of vascular calcification was 75.8%. Serum iPTH was higher in severe calcification group than in the other 3 groups (p<0.05), and serum ALP was the highest in severe calcification group. There was a positive correlation between iPTH and calcification score (r＝0.323, P＝0.003), a positive correlation between ALP and calcification score (r＝0.359, P＝0.007), a negative correlation between 25(OH)D and iPTH (r＝-0.207, P＝0.012), a positive correlation between 1-84 PTH and iPTH, and a positive correlation between PTH and ALP (r＝0.729, P＝0.000/r＝0.215, P＝0.041). There were no differences in calcium, phosphorus, calcium × phosphorus product, 25(OH)D and 1-84 PTH among the 4 groups. Conclusions Mineral metabolic disorders are common in MHD patients, and they may contribute to vascular calcification. Further study is needed to find out whether appropriate control of mineral metabolic disorder can improve or delay the process of vascular calcification.