【Abstract】 Objective To investigate the prevalence of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients at the beginning of hemodialysis treatment in Beijing area in 2007. Methods The data of MHD patients in hemodialysis centers in Beijing area in 2007 were collected by Beijing Hemodialysis Quality Control & Improvement Center (BJHDQCIC). Most hemodialysis centers used the Hemodialysis Management Software from Hui Bai Tong Co. Beijing, and some centers used Access as the software for data management. BJHDQCIC combined the 2 kinds of data into a database using Hemodialysis Management Software. Results In 2007 in Beijing area, 7795 cases were on MHD treatment. Gender record was found in 92.4% patients, and 51.9% of them were males and 48.1% were females. The first 4 disease causes which accounted for 77.2% MHD patients were chronic nephritis (30.8%), diabetic nephropathy (21.0%), hypertension (14.7%), and chronic interstitial nephritis (10.7%). Patients’ age ranged mainly in 41-70 years old, which accounted for 63.6% of MHD patients. At the beginning of MHD treatment, 43.5% patients were found to be complicated with ischemic heart disease, 13.8% with myocardial infarction, 30.5% with arrhythmia, 48.4% with congestive heart failure, 87.7% with hypertension, 19.6% with cerebrovascular disease, and 12.9% with peripheral vascular disease. Conclusion The incidence of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases was higher in patients on MHD treatment. Therefore, the risks of cerebro-cardiovascular diseases and cerebrovascular accidents should always be considered in end stage renal disease patients, and the risk factors for cerebro-cardiovascular diseases, such as hypertension and diabetes, must be carefully controlled and prevented.