Abstract: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the most important complications and the primary cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. The incidence of CVD increases dramatically with the development of CKD. Heart and kidney are pathophysiologically interacted each other. The risk factors for CVD in CKD patients are generally divided into traditional factors (those similar in healthy people) and nontraditional factors (those specific in CKD patients). Early prevention and treatment of CVD in CKD patients depend on the timely evaluation of CVD presentations and the risk factors for CVD and its complications and on the management of CVD progression, CVD risk factors and various complications derived from end stage renal disease.

Key words: chronic kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, risk factor, prevention and treatment