Abstract: Objective To investigate the effect of accessory vein on the early failure of forearm arteriovenous fistula. Methods A total of 38 uremia patients who underwent arteriovenous fistula surgery for the first time were randomly divided into experimental group (n=19) and control group (n=19). During the surgery, the accessory vein was blocked by thread ligation in the experimental group, and had no treatment in the control group. Both groups received standard end-to-side arteriovenous anastomosis in forearm. After operation for 8 and 20 weeks, the effects of the two surgical methods on blood flow and early fistula failure were compared. Results After operation for 8 weeks, blood flow rate was higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=3.402, P=0.002); early fistula failure ratio was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (χ²=4.502, P=0.034). After operation for 20 weeks, blood flow rate was still higher in the experimental group than in the control group (t=3.102, P=0.004), and early fistula failure ratio was lower in the experimental group than in the control group (χ²=5.246, P=0.022). Conclusion The presence of the accessory vein can decrease the blood flow in arteriovenous fistula and increase the ratio of early fistula failure. The treatment of the accessory vein is important for the forearm arteriovenous fistula.

Key words: Arteriovenous fistula, Accessory vein, Early fistula failure