Abstract: Erythrocyte-forming stimulant agents (ESAs) are widely used in the treatment of renal anemia. Recently, the dosage of ESAs is changed dramatically and is varied in different dialysis centers. However, higher dosage of ESAs will raise the all-cause death risk. This article analyzes the cause of ESAs dosage
variation focused in the baseline characteristics of patients, reactivity to ESAs and clinical needs.

Key words: Erythrocyte-forming stimulants (ESA), Adequacy of dialysis, Hepcidin, Mineral and Bone disorder