【Abstract】Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the three effective treatments for end- stage renal failure. However, peritoneal fibrosis is an important complication in PD patients, and is one of the important causes leading to failure of PD. The pathogenesis of peritoneal fibrosis includes abnormal expressions of transforming growth factor- β1 and microRNA, epithelial- mesenchymal transition, etc. Recently, many studies report that macrophages play an important part in the occurrence and development of peritoneal fibrosis. This review focuses on the research advances in macrophage cells in the pathogenesis of PD related peritoneal fibrosis.