【Abstract】Objective Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and vascular calcification are the common complications in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients, which can lead to increased arterial stiffness. The purpose of this study was to investigate the risk factors for arterial stiffness and higher serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) level in PD patients and the relationship between arterial stiffness and PTH level. Methods PD patients treated in the period from June 18, 2014 to April 7, 2015 were enrolled in this study. Demographic data,baseline laboratory indicators, peritoneal dialysis balance tests and dialysis adequacy parameters were collected. Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV) was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. Results A total of 260 patients (146 males; average age 55.57+13.77 years) were enrolled in this study. Their average cfPVW was 8.84+2.23m/s. Logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.073, 95% CI 1.029～1.119, P=0.001),diabetes mellitus (OR=1.523, 95% CI 1.112～1.409, P＜0.001), brachial artery systolic pressure (OR 1.048,CI 1.024～1.072, P＜0.001), and glycosylated hemoglobin (OR=3.667, 95% CI 1.710～7.872, P=0.001) were the independent risk factors for arterial stiffness. Multivariate linear regression showed that there was no statistical correlation between serum PTH and cfPWV in PD patients; PTH was positively correlated with calcium phosphorus product (β=0.312, P＜0.001), total cholesterol (β=0.125, P=0.024) and PD duration (β=0.334, P＜ 0.001) and negatively correlated with pulse pressure (β=-0.110, P=0.047). Conclusion In PD patients, arterial stiffness was related to age, diabetes mellitus, brachial artery systolic pressure and glycosylated hemoglobin level. Serum PTH was correlated with calcium-phosphorus product, total cholesterol, PD age and pulse pressure but not with cfPWV.