【Abstract】Objective To measure the serum levels of visceral adipose tissue derived serine protease inhibitor (Vaspin), adipokine (Apelin) and Chemerin in uremia patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), and to correlate the serum levels with the nutritional metabolism status in these patients. Methods A total of 100 uremia patients undergoing MHD were selected as the study group, and 120 healthy people were recruited as the control group. Serum levels of Vaspin, Apelin and Chemerin and the indicators relating to nutritional metabolism status were measured. Results Serum levels of calcium (Ca), Vaspin, Apelin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) were lower (t=12.783, 10.271, 10.989 and 13.592 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001 and ＜0.001 respectively), while serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), creatinine (CRE), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Chemerin, triglyceride (TG) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) were higher in study group before dialysis than in control group (t=26.372, 29.789, 32.423, 22.455, 7.891 and 3.616 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001 and ＜0.001 respectively). After MHD for 6 months, serum levels of Ca, Vaspin, Apelin, HDL and LDL decreased (t =4.270, 18.343, 19.478, 6.662 and 2.408 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001 and 0.017 respectively), while serum phosphorus (P), fasting blood sugar, CRP, CRE, BUN, Chemerin and TG increased (t= 12.251, 4.184, 18.729, 37.385, 41.026, 26.809 and 8.137 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001 and ＜0.001 respectively). Serum levels of CRE, BUN, Vaspin, Apelin, TG, LDL were lower (t=4.814, 7.223, 6.423, 7.936, 2.455 and 5.214 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001, 0.015 and ＜0.001 respectively), while serum levels of Ca, P, fasting blood sugar, Chemerin and HDL were higher in study group after MHD for 6 months than in the group before MHD (t =7.692, 9.972, 3.463, 12.129 and 7.250 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, 0.001, ＜0.001 and ＜0.001 respectively). Serum levels of total protein (TP) and albumin (Alb) were lower in study group after MHD for 6 months than in those before MHD and in control group (t=8.831, 8.447, 7.714 and 8.269 respectively; P＜0.001, ＜0.001, ＜0.001 and ＜0.001 respectively). Pearson test showed that serum levels of Vaspin and Apelin were negatively correlated with serum TG levels (t =-0.402 and -0.487; P=0.025 and 0.017), and positively correlated with serum levels of HDL, LDL, TP and Alb in study group after MHD for 6 months (r=0.419, 0.460, 0.506, 0.499; 0.423, 0.438, 0.517 and 0.513 respectively; P=0.009, 0.023, 0.034, 0.021; 0.026, 0.011, 0.018 and 0.031 respectively); serum Chemerin levels were positively correlated with serum TG level (r=0.461, P=0.015), and negatively correlated with serum levels of HDL, LDL, TP and Alb (r=-0.512, -0.473, -0.519 and -0.458 respectively; P=0.021, 0.015, 0.041 and 0.015 respectively), but not correlated with serum TC level in study group after MHD for 6 months (r=0.162, P=0.109). Conclusion Serum levels of Vaspin, Apelin, and Chemerin were correlated to the nutritional metabolism status. hey may be used as monitoring indices for nutrition metabolism status in MHD patients.