【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of contractual management on fluid status in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Methods Patients with over hydration screened by human body composition monitor and met the inclusion criteria from the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University were randomly assigned into two groups. Patients in control group received routine health care and those in experimental group adopted contract management on the basis of routine health education and signed a health care agreement. The volume management behavior, volume status, dialysis related indicators and laboratory examination results were compared before intervention and after intervention for 6 months. Results In experiment group after the intervention for 6 months, body weight decreased as compared with that in control group (t=-3.201, P=0.002), the times of blood pressure measurement per week increased (Z=-2.265, P=0.024), liquid intake decreased (Z=-2.285, P=0.022), and over hydration parameters improved (t=-3.623, P=0.001). Conclusion Contractual management is a management mode that obviously restricts the volume management of PD patients. This management can improve the volume management behavior and volume status in PD patients.