Abstract: 【Abstract】Residual kidney function plays critical roles in controlling water, electrolyte and acid-base balance and removing small-molecular-weight toxins in patients with end-stage renal disease. Additionally, residual kidney function also has the ability to remove middle-molecular-weight and protein-binding toxins. Endogenous clearance conferred by residual kidney function is significantly associated with survival. Hemodialysis adequacy of the patients with considerable residual kidney function should be evaluated by stdKt/Vurea. Currently, incremental hemodialysis has been attracted more attention because of its benefit of protecting residual kidney function. With incremental hemodialysis the hemodialysis dose is adjusted according to the level of residual kidney function. It has been reported that incremental hemodialysis can improve the quality of life and anemia management, reduce serum β2-microglobulin, alleviate economic burden, and even increase survival rate. However, more evidences are required to support this strategy.

Key words: Incremental hemodialysis, Residual kidney function