Abstract: Objective  To observe the indexes of inflammation and anemia in maintenance hemodialysis patients with kidney transplant failure (KTF), and to provide clinical basis for improving the therapeutic effect. Methods Fifty-four maintenance hemodialysis patients with kidney transplant failure were included in Beijing Friendship Hospital and other fifty-four hemodialysis patients who had not undergone kidney transplantation were selected as controls. The demographic data of the patients, the results of blood cell counts, the dosage of erythropoietin (EPO) were recorded, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet to lymphocyte ratio(PLR), lymphocyte to monocyte ratio(LMR) and EPO resistance index was calculated, and the setup of patients’ databases for statistical analysis of the clinical data.  Results  There was no significant difference in age (t=-1.095, P=0.276), gender (χ2=0.983, P=0.321), and the duration of dialysis (t=1.634, P=0.105) between the two groups. There was significant difference in the number of eosinophils [(0.21±0.21)×109/L vs. (0.43±0.54)×109/L, t=-2.639, P=0.010], NLR [(4.14±1.92) vs. (3.47±1.18) , t=2.156, P=0.033], LMR [(2.78±0.80) vs. (3.51±1.18), t=-3.794, P=0.005] between the two groups. There was no statistical difference in the dosage of EPO between the two groups (Z=-1.611, P=0.107). The median ERI of the KTF group was 13.59 (7.21, 20.37), which was higher than that of the control group, which was 9.12 (5.75, 13.48), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=-2.515, P=0.012). The patients' ERI was positively correlated with PLR (r=0.247, P=0.010), and negatively correlated with LMR (r=-0.217, P=0.024), which was statistically significant.  Conclusion  Hemodialysis patients with kidney transplant failure have a hyper-inflammatory state, which may be one of the influence factors leading to EPO resistance.

Key words: Hemodialysis, Kidney transplant failure, Inflammation, Anemia