Abstract: There is a close interaction between the heart and the kidney. Cardiorenal syndrome encompasses a spectrum of disorders involving both the heart and kidney in which acute or chronic dysfunction in one organ may induce acute or chronic dysfunction in the other organ. Anemia is very common in patients with both chronic kidney disease and heart failure. They interact and promote each other, forming a vicious circle, so they called the term cardiorenal anemia syndrome (CRAS). The occurrence of CRAS is mainly related to erythropoietin deficiency, iron deficiency, oxidative stress, inflammation response, and abnormal bone mineral metabolism. Patients with CRAS require comprehensive management, not only to control anemia, but also to actively treat heart failure, kidney injury and other comorbidities. Currently, the treatment of CRAS mainly focuses on erythropoietin and iron supplementation and the use of new hypoxia-inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors. However, there are still many unresolved problems regarding the treatment of CRAS, and more randomized controlled studies with large samples are needed to provide evidence-based medicine results in the future.

Key words: Cardiorenal syndrome, Cardiorenal anemia syndrome, Chronic kidney disease, Heart fai-lure, Anemia