Abstract: Objective   To observe the clinical effect of lidocaine aerosol on reducing the pain during real-time ultrasound guided puncture in hemodialysis patients with new autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF).  Methods   A total of 60 maintenance hemodialysis patients undergoing new autogenous AVF puncture in our blood purification center were selected as the research subjects. They were divided by using the random number grouping method into a standard group and a lidocaine aerosol group. The standard group underwent routine real-time ultrasound guided puncture, and the lidocaine aerosol group used lidocaine aerosol locally applied on puncture site 15 minutes before the real-time ultrasound guided puncture. Visual analogue scale (VAS) pain scoring was used to assess the pain level during puncture of the new autogenous AVF in the two groups.  Results  Comparison of the pain score distribution between the two groups found that the pain score was lower in the lidocaine aerosol group than in the standard group (Z=6.783, P＜0.001), and the ratios of no pain and slight pain during the puncture were higher in the lidocaine aerosol group than in the standard group (χ2=60.000, P＜0.001).  Conclusion   Local use of lidocaine aerosol can significantly reduce the pain during real-time ultrasound guided puncture of new autogenous AVF, bringing a better experience of AVF puncture to the maintenance hemodialysis patients. This method can be widely used in clinical practice.

Key words: Lidocaine aerosol, Maintenance hemodialysis, New autologous arteriovenous fistula, Real-time ultrasound guided puncture, Pain