Abstract: Objective  To search, evaluate and summarize the best evidence for ultrasound-guided autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) puncture.  Methods  A systematic search of databases for evidence on ultrasound-guided autogenous AVF puncture in maintenance hemodialysis patients was performed, with literature types including clinical guidelines, systematic evaluations, expert consensus, randomized controlled trials and others. The time frame for the search was January 2013 to November 2023. An evidence-based team performed literature screening and quality assessment, and extracted and summarized the evidence.  Results  A total of 21 publications were screened, including 5 guidelines, 3 expert consensus, one systematic evaluation, 10 randomized controlled trials, and 2 cross-sectional studies. Twenty-five pieces of the evidence were summarized in six areas: concepts related to ultrasound-guided fistula puncture, ultrasound-based vascular assessment, preparation and methods, post-puncture observation, and ultrasound-related training.  Conclusion The summarized best evidence for ultrasound-guided fistula puncture can be used as a guideline and norm for clinical caregivers to increase puncture success rate, reduce puncture-related complications, and ensure patient safety.

Key words: Ultrasound-guided, Fistula puncture, Evidence summary