Abstract: The outcome of continuous progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is the end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Hemodialysis (HD) is one of the main treatment options for ESRD patients. Arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the preferred type of vascular access for maintenance HD patients. However, AVF dysfunction occurs frequently within 12 months after surgery. This article mainly focuses on the causes and mechanisms of AVF dysfunction, the treatment progress in improving AVF patency, the pharmacology of indobufen and atorvastatin and their effects on cerebral, cardiac and peripheral blood vessels and AVF patency; the preventive measures of vascular access dysfunction after AVF surgery, in particular the drug treatment after AVF surgery, are comprehensively studied, in order to prolong the lifespan of AVF in HD patients and to provide theoretic basis for maintaining vascular access. 

Key words: End-stage renal disease, Arteriovenous fistula, Thrombosis, Indobufen, Atorvastatin