【Abstract】Iron is a vital trace element for humans. The amount of iron in the body has to be maintained in an ideal range. The absorption of dietary iron and the transport of iron are complex processes critical for iron homeostasis. The reticuloendothelial system is responsible for iron recycling through phagocytosis of the erythrocytes. Hepcidin is a liver-derived peptide hormone and an important regulator of iron metabolism. This hormone acts in many target tissues and regulates iron level in the body through a negative feedback mechanism. Serum ferritin is a fundamental index to reflec iron metabolism situation in the body. In chronic inflammatory conditions, higher thresholds of ferritin concentration and transferrin saturation, and other laboratory examinations such as soluble and serum transferrin receptors and hepcidin are required for the evaluation of this disease conditions. The best evidences and experiences should be referred in the determination of the iron supplementation strategy for iron deficiency in inflammation and chronic kidney disease.