Abstract: 【Abstract】Reginal vascular endothelial injury is closely related to the dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula. Surgical injury and hemodynamics changes after the surgery may cause vascular endothelial injury of various degrees. Therefore, to protect vascular endothelia from injuries is the key to preserve early function of the arteriovenous fistula. Fasudil, a Rho kinase inhibitor, relieves inflammatory reactions, vasospasm, endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis, vasodilatation, and many other functions to protect vascular endothelial cells from injuries. However, the mechanism of Fasudil remains controversial. This article reviews the vascular protection mechanism of Fasudil and provides the basis for clinical application of Fasudil after arteriovenous fistula surgery.

Key words: Fasudil, Vascular endothelial injury, Safety, Autologous arteriovenous fistula