Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is mostly used as a long term renal replacement therapy for end stage renal disease (ESRD). Data from the dialysis registration systems of various countries shown that a certain number of patients experience renal recovery after on peritoneal dialysis for a while. However, the characteristics of these patients are far from clear. This paper is to explore the characteristics of these patients. Methods This is a single center cohort study. The long term PD patients in our center were followed up until death or withdraw PD. We analyzed the characteristics of the patients who start PD for ESRD and withdraw PD for renal function recovery. Results There were 1623 patients started PD between June, 1986 to January, 2018 in our PD center. 10 patients (including 6 males; mean age: 56±22) were included in the analysis. 8 of the 10 patients started PD after their first presenting in nephrology clinic. The time phase from renal replacement therapy until renal recovery was between 60 to 634 days (medium (quartiles): 343 (142, 467) days). Most of these patients had anemia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia when they started PD, and some had decreased urine output, but the kidney size was generally preserved in most cases. Conclusions A
few patients diagnosed with ESRD at the beginning of dialysis may still have renal function recovery after a considerable period of replacement therapy, especially in those without clear past disease history and with preserved kidney size. It is important recognize these patients and protect residual renal function and avoid renal damage factors.

Key words: Uremia, Peritoneal dialysis, Cohort study, Acute renal injury