Abstract: 【Abstract】Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis have a high incidence of hyperkalemia, and with the deterioration of renal function, the risk of recurrence of hyperkalemia gradually increases. Many factors, including inappropriate dialysis, concomitant use of drugs that raise serum potassium, and certain medical conditions, increase the risk of hyperkalemia in dialysis patients. Hyperkalemia in dialysis patients is closely related to its poor prognosis, not only increasing the risk of death, but also increasing the number of emergency department visits and hospitalizations, and medical costs. Therefore, for HD patients with recurrent hyperkalemia, attention should be paid to the comprehensive management of serum potassium levels, including restriction of high potassium diet, adequate dialysis treatment, avoidance of drugs that increase serum potassium, and rational use of potassium-lowering drugs.

Key words: Hemodialysis, End strage renal disease, Hyperkalemia, Clinical risks