Abstract: 【Abstract】Vascular superficialization is a surgical operation that places target vessel to the subcutaneous layer. It includes vein superficialization and artery superficialization, which enable hemodialysis access using routine puncture. The methods of vascular superficialization operation include tunnel transposition, direct elevation, minimal incision superficialization technology (MIST), placement of vein window needle guide (Vwing), fat resection and liposuction and others. In this paper, the key points of these surgical methods are described in detail, and the clinical reports about patency rate and complications are reviewed.

Key words: Arteriovenous fistula, Superficialization, Hemodialysis, Vascular access