Abstract: Objectives  To observe the efficacy, safety and economy of roxadustat in the treatment of renal anemia in peritoneal dialysis patients.  Methods  We collected peritoneal dialysis patients with renal anemia in Longyan Second Hospital from January 2020 to December 2021. 32 patients treated with roxadustat selected as the roxadustat group, and 32 patients treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO) were randomly selected as the EPO group. The changes of hemoglobin, iron metabolism indexes and adverse reactions of the patients before and at the first, third and sixth months of the treatment were observed. Cost-effectiveness analysis and incremental analysis were used to evaluate the economy of drug treatment and conduct single actor sensitivity analysis.  Results  The hemoglobin level of the two groups both increased after treatment, but it was higer in roxadustat group than EPO group (the first month: t=0.025，P=0.616；the third month: t=0.286，P=0.136，the sixth month: t=0.417，P=0.045). After treatment, the ferroprotein of the two groups (the first month：t= -0.319，P=0.137；the third month：t=-0.254，P=0.096；the sixth month：t=-0.645，    P=0.064)、transferin saturation (the first month：:t=0.241，P=0.314；the third month：t=0.354，P=0.216；the sixth month：t=0.415，P=0.335), and the total iron binding capacity (the first month: t=6.272，P=0.235；the third month: t=2.334，P=0.327；the sixth month: t=2.696，P=0.284) were no significant differences between the two groups. Meanwhile, there were no serious adverse reactions in the two groups. The cost of roxadustat group were higher than EPO group (t=29.150，P＜0.001). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) is 51049.58, which was 1-3 times of per capita gross domestic product (GDP)，so the increased cost was acceptable. Single factor sensitivity analysis based on the decline of drug cost shown that when the drug price decreases by 25%, ICER was less than 1 time of per capita GDP, indicating that its economy was better.   Conclusions  Roxadustat is effective in the treatment of renal anemia in peritoneal dialysis patients and can improve iron metabolism safety. And roxadustat cost higher but the increased cost is acceptable, with better economy when drug prices decrease by 25%.

Key words: Peritoneal dialysis , Renal anemia, Roxadustat, Efficacy, Cost effectiveness analysis