Abstract: Objective To explore the risk factors for early dysfunction of arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) patients.  Methods  A total of 128 patients who underwent the first AVF creation surgery from January 2017 to February 2020 in the single center were enrolled in this study. Based on the diagnosis criteria of AVF failure and the AVF patency duration, patients were divided into one-year failure group, one-year non-failure group, 2-year failure group and 2-year non-failure group. The differences in clinical data between failure groups and non-failure groups were retrospectively analyzed.  Results  Multivariate COX regression revealed that lower hemoglobin (OR=4.729, 95% CI: 1.108～20.188, P=0.036), lower platelet (OR=0.980, 95% CI: 0.967～0.993, P=0.003), lower blood glucose (OR=0.665, 95% CI: 0.449～0.986, P=0.042), older age (OR=1.051, 95% CI: 1.001～1.102, P=0.044) and female (OR=6.468, 95% CI: 1.458～28.689, P=0.014) were the risk factors for AVF failure in one year; older age (OR=1.042, 95% CI: 1.001～1.085, P=0.046), lower hemoglobin (OR=0.948, 95% CI: 0.912～0.986, P=0.007), lower platelet (OR=0.986，95% CI: 0.976～0.997, P=0.009) and lower blood glucose (OR=0.632, 95% CI: 0.419～0.953, P=0.029) were the risk factors for AVF failure in two years. Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrated that the AVF patency duration was significantly shorter in patients over 60 years old than in those <60 years old (log-rank, c2=6.253, P=0.012), and was shorter in females than in males (log-rank, c2=9.387, P=0.002).  Conclusion Older age, female, lower hemoglobin, lower platelet, and lower blood glucose were the risk factors for early failure of AVF in MHD patients.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Arteriovenous fistula, Hemoglobin, Blood glucose, Influencing factor