Abstract: Peritoneal dialysis (PD)-associated peritonitis is usually caused by contamination of the PD system or infection of exit site. Peritonitis may sometimes be present with gastrointestinal diseases, such as intestinal perforation, ischemic bowel disease or cholecystitis. PD-associated peritonitis due to obstructive pyonephrosis is rarely seen. Here we report the first case of PD-associated peritonitis due to obstructive pyonephrosis in a 72-year-old PD patient in China. He was then subjected to a left-sided percutaneous nephrostomy and nephrectomy without removal of the peritoneal dialysis catheter. No peritonitis relapsed in the next 8 months after the operation. From this case we can draw the experience that PD-associated peritonitis may derive from a focal infection, which is of diagnostic and therapeutic importance.

Key words: Peritoneal dialysis, Secondary peritonitis, Obstructive pyonephrosis