Objective  Rapid peritoneal solute transport rate (PSTR) is a key factor affecting the prognosis of patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). This study aimed to investigate the clinical risk factors for early development of rapid PSTR in PD patients.  Methods  A cross‑sectional study was conducted, enrolling 89 patients with end‑stage renal disease who initiated PD treatment at Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, between June 2020 and November 2025. All patients underwent a standard peritoneal equilibration test at 3 months (±2 weeks) after PD initiation. Rapid PSTR was defined as a 4-hour dialysate-to-plasma creatinine ratio (D/Pcr)≥0.65, and normal PSTR as D/Pcr＜0.65. Clinical data were collected concurrently, and independent risk factors for rapid PSTR were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.  Results  Fifty‑eight patients (65.2%) were classified as the rapid PSTR group and 31 as the normal PSTR group. Univariate analysis showed that the rapid PSTR group had significantly higher prevalence of diabetes (χ²=10.907, P=0.001), higher levels of carbon dioxide combining power (t=−1.995, P =0.049) and alkaline phosphatase (t=−2.343, P=0.021), and lower levels of serum albumin (t=3.564, P=0.001) and hemoglobin (t=2.447, P=0.017) compared with the normal PSTR group. Correlation analysis revealed that D/Pcr was positively correlated with glycated hemoglobin (r=0.311, P=0.017) and B‑type natriuretic peptide (r=0.274, P=0.012), and negatively correlated with serum albumin (r=−0.481, P＜0.001) and hemoglobin (r=−0.227, P=0.037). Multivariate logistic regression identified a history of diabetes (OR=4.379, 95% CI: 1.531～12.522, P =0.006) and decreased serum albumin level (OR=0.835, 95% CI: 0.739～0.943, P=0.004) as independent risk factors for rapid PSTR. Conclusion  In the early stage of PD, a history of diabetes and hypoalbuminemia are independent risk factors for rapid PSTR. For PD patients with diabetes or malnutrition, early monitoring of peritoneal function is recommended to enable individualized prescription management.