【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the changes and significance of serum advanced glycosylation end products (ACEs)in patients with chronic renal failure(CRF), and the clearance effect of High-Flux HD to AGEs. Methods The serum AGEs in patients with CRF(Hemodialysis group and Non-Hemodialysis group) were measured by using competitive ELISA. The MDA contents and SOD activities in plasma were also examined. Results Whether HD or not, the serum AGEs levels in patients with CRF were significantly higher than those in normal subjects (both P<0.001). No significant differences were found between the serum AGEs levels in HD group patients and those in NHD group (P>0.05). A significantly positive correlation was found between the serum AGEs levels and serum CRE values (P < 0.01)，no correlation was found between the serum AGEs levels and serum GLU values; The plasma SOD activities in CRF patients were significantly lower than those in healthy subjects (in every group: P<0.05). The plasma MDA contents in every group were significantly higher than those in healthy subjects (P<0.001). No correlation was found between AGEs and MDA、SOD ( P>0.05); In CHD (Convention HD) group, there was no significantly difference before and after CHD (P>0.05), while in HFHD(high flux HD) group, the serum AGEs levels significantly decreased after HFHD(P<0.001). In both groups, the plasma SOD activities significantly increased and the plasma MDA contents significantly decreased (both P<0.01). Conclusion In CRF patients, impaired renal function decreased the clearance of AGEs, the impaired renal function could be the most important factor to make AGEs higher. And the strengthened oxidative stress could have accelerated the formation of AGEs. High- flux HD can clear the serum AGEs efficiently, and alleviate the disorders of free radicals metabolism.