【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the effects of ACE inhibitor treatment on erythropoiesis in chronic hemodialysis patients. Methods 51 hemodialysis patients with anemia and hypertension, rule of iron deficiency, infection, aluminum intoxication and hyperparathyroidism were divided into 2 groups, based on whether or not they were administered ACEI, into the ACEI group(n=24) and the non-ACEI group(n=27), and prospective randomised comparisons were made of hematocrit(Hct) and hemoglobin (Hb). Results Among the patients in the non-ACEI group, the percentage of the patients achieving a hemoglobin response, defined as an increase>or=100g/L, hemotocrit >or =30% was 55.5%. While in the ACEI group, the percentage was 20.8%. the dose of ACEI in 5 patients achieving hemoglobin response were 10mg/d for each, but in 4 patients not achieving hemoglobin response were >40 mg/d for each. Conclusion Large dose of ACEI may decrease hemoglobin in chronic hemodialysis patients.