Objective To investigate characteristics of dislipidemia and the effect of low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) Taq I gene polymorphism in hemodialysis patients. Methods Serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), apolipoproteins (Apo A1, B, E) and lipoprotein(a) ［Lp(a)］ were measured, and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymophism (PCR-RFLP) was used to detect Taq I gene polymorphism of LDLR intron 4 in hemodialysis patients. Results Serum levels of TG and ApoB were higher significantly in the hemodialysis patients than in controls, and the levels of TC, LDLC, HDLC were lower compared with those in controls. Patients with cardiovascular diseases had higher TG level compared with the patients without. The allele frequency and the distribution of the LDLR intron 4 TaqⅠgenotypes did not differ significantly with the controls and the hemodialysis patients. The serum TG level was significantly higher in hemodialysis patients with the genotype TaqⅠ-/- compared with patients with other genotypes in LDLR intron 4. Conclusion Hemodialysis patients were liable to develop hypertriglyceridemia and hypocholesterolemia which might be one of the causes of cardiovascular disease. Patients with the genotype TaqⅠ-/- in LDLR intron 4 were liable to develop dislipidemia.