Objective To assess the autonomic nervous impairment and its related factors in hemodialysis patients and the effect of the application of beta-blockes. Methods Eighty adults were randomly selected including in-patients in the nephrology ward and healthy subjects for routine medical examination. The subjects were classified into 4 groups: normal subjects (NS), uremia, hemodialysis, beta-blockers. The time domain measurements of heart rate variability (HRV) and ambulatory blood pressure were analyzed simultaneously. Results ①There were significant differences heathy subjects compared with beta-blockers groups in the time domain measurements of HRV in uremia and hemodialysis patients. There were no significant differences between uremia and hemodialysis patients；②Time domain measurements of HRV was significantly lower (P<0.05) in uremia with renal hypertension than in uremia with normal blood pressure. Conclusion ①Patients with uremia have their cardiac autonomic nervous system impaired；② Hemodialysis can not improve patients' cardiac autonomic nervous system impairment in uremia, while application of beta-blockers can；③ Renal hypertension with uremia may intensify the impairment of cardiac autonomic nervous system of the patients, so it is very important to control hypertension of patients.