Objective To investigate the influence of r-HuEPO on T lymphocyte subgroup and complement receptor 1 express on erythrocytes(CR1) in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Methods Thirty-two cases undergoing long-term hemodialysis were as treated group and 20 healthy subjects were as control group. The levels of CD3，CD4，CD8 and CD4/CD8 were examined by flow cytometry before and after 3 months r-HuEPO therapy，while their CR1 were detected by ELISA, Hb was also detected. Results CD4, CR1,Hb were significantly higher after 3 months treating by r-HuEPO than before and that of control group (P<0.001)， while the CD8，CD4/CD8 were lower (CD4/CD8: P<0.05; CD8: P<0.001). Conclusion r-HuEPO might significantly improve T lymphocyte immunity in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis.