Objective To analyze the complications and relative causes in peritoneal dialysis(PD) patients. Methods Twelve PD patients were enrolled. Occurrence rate of complications were investigated and compared with the complications in 32 hemodialysis(HD) patients. Blood creatinine, blood urine nitrogen, blood albumin, pre_albumin, hemoglobin, parathormone and cholesterol of PD patients were tested. Blood pressure, electrocardiogram (ECG) and ultrasonic cardiogram (UCG) were measured and cardiac functions were evaluated in PD patients. Results Complications of two dialysis methods were the same. The main complications were heart failure, hypertension, infection and malnutrition. In PD patients, blood albumin, pre_albumin, cholesterol and hemoglobin of heart failure group and infection group were lower than that of non_heart failure group and non_infection group, respectively (P<0.01). Hypertension, cardiac enlargement, myocardial ischemia and lower ejective fraction were common in heart failure group and infection group of PD patients (P<0.01). Conclusions Cardiac_vascular disease, infection and malnutrition were the main complications and the main causes which resulted in death and poor prognosis in PD patients. Those were similar to the complications in hemodialysis patients.