Objective To investigate the treatment of native arteriovenous fistula (AVF) stenosis. Methods Sixteen maintenance hemodialysis patients with native arteriovenous fistula stenosis were treated with intervention and surgery from February 1998 to February 2004. Three patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty(PTA) for only one site stenosis. The multiple stenosis patients or stenosis lesions in great area of arteriovenous fistula were treated with surgery. Results The stenosis recurrence were at 3、5 and 9 months, respectively of the three PTA patients and then these patients were treated with surgery. All other patients were also treated with surgery, The surgery success rate were 100%. The blood flow reached 200～350ml/min after operation. There were no side effect on cardiac function. Conclusion It was an effective method of PTA and surgery for maintenance hemodialysis patients with native arteriovenous fistula stenosis.