Objective To evalute the effects of different dialyzer membranes on relative factors about renal osteodystrophy (ROD) in maintenance hemodialysis(MHD) patients, especially to observe the changes of intact parathyroid hormone(iPTH), phosphorus and calcium in serum. Methods The MHD patients who were diagnosed ROD with high levels of phosphorus and iPTH were randomly divided into three groups. They received dialysis with different dialyzers of cellulose acetate (CA), hemophan (HE) and polysulfone (PS). The levels of serum iPTH, phosphorus, calcium (Ca), blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) of each group were measured pre-hemodialysis and post-hemodialysis. The decreasing rate of urea, creatinine, phosphorus, iPTH and the level of Ca of each group were calculated and compared by using new and reused dialyzers. The values of KT/V were calculated by measuring the levels of BUN pre-HD and post-HD. The levels of phosphorus, iPTH and Ca in healthy controls were measured as control group. Results The levels of serum phosphorus and iPTH in pre-HD of MHD patients were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.01), but those indexes in post-HD were significantly decreasd than that in pre-HD (P<0.01). The level of serum calcium in pre-HD of MHD patients were significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05) and higher in post-HD (P<0.05). The were significant difference of the descending level of serum phosphorus between the PS and HE groups and CA group (P<0.05) after HD. Compared with the new dialyzers, the value of KT/V was significantly decreased than reused dialyzers (CA group>PS and HE groups, P<0.05), but there were no significant difference befween the first used dialyzers. The descending rates of serum phosphorus, BUN and Cr in reused dialyzers were significantly different with the first used dialyzers in all three groups (P<0.05). Conclusion Applying of CA, PS and HE dialyzers may significantly decrease iPTH in MHD patients after HD. The clearance rate of small molecules significantly decreased using reused dialyzers. The clearance rate of serum phosphorus using HE and PS dialyzers is obviously higher than CA dialyzer. This higher the cearence may reduce occurrence of osteodystrophy.