Objective To compare and study the relationships of the general clinical conditions, hematobiochemical indicators and color ultra-sound indicators of carotid atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Methods The general clinical conditions, hematobiochemical parameters and color ultrasound parameters of 13 hemodialysis patients and 13 controlled patients were collecled. General clinical conditions included body weight, height and BMI. Hematobiochemical pareters included Hb, Alb, PAB, TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, CRP, plasma fibrinogen, C3,Apo-A1, Apo-B, LP(a). Color ultrasound parameters included plaque, maximum and minimum blood velocity, thickness of vascular endothelium (IMT), resistant index(RI) of bilateral carotid. Results Compared with the controlled group hemodialysis patients: systolis blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure increased significantly while Hb decreased significantly(P<0.05); Alb and PAB both decreased significantly (P<0.01); CRP increased significantly (P<0.01). There were different CRP level and plaque incidence rate in patients with different primary diseases. Those of hypertension group were higher than those of chonic nephritis group (P<0.01). Average IMT, Maximum IMT, V(min), RI and plaque incidence rate of hemodialysis were patients significantly higher than the controlled group (P<0.01) There were significant difference of Age, SP, Alb, PAB, LP(a) and CRP between plaque-negative group and plaque-positive group (P<0.05). Average IMT and Maximum IMT increased significantly in plaque-positive group ( P<0.05). In hemodialysis group, CRP had negative relationship with PAB (r = 0.676, P<0.05). Lp(a) had positive relationship with Maximum IMT (r＝0.714, P<0.01). Conclusions There are relationships among malnutrition, inflammation and atherosclerosis in hemodialysis patients. Interdiction of the relationship may play a very important role in ameliorating the prognosis of the hemodialysis patients.