Objective To investigate the relations between residual urine volume and nutritional status in maintenance hemodialysis patients for dealing with the contradiction between dehydration and protecting residual renal function. Methods Residual urine volumes in 24 hours of 66 hemodialysis patients were registered and the nutritional status were assessed with Modified Quantitative Subjective Global Assessment before beginning dialysis. His nutritional status was evaluated repeatedly when his residual urine volume decreased 100ml. The correlations and regressions between nutritional status and residual urine volume were analyzed. Results There were positive correlations between the residual urine volume and nutritional scores when the residual urine volume were in the range of 1500 ml to 400ml in 24 hours; there were regressions between the residual urine volume and nutritional scores when the residual urine volume were in the range of 1399ml to 500ml in 24 hours. Conclusion The residual urine volume could influence the nutritional status in a range.