Objective To investigate the Quality of life and it's related factors in the patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing maintenance hemodialysis. Methods Sixty-six patients with ESRD on hemodialysis were assessed by the Kidney Disease Quality of Life short form (KDQOL-SF). The social-family-economic background, dialysis status and biochemistry indicators of these patients were analyzed and their effects on Quality of Life were investigated. Results Univariate analysis demonstrated that older age(≥60), non-working status, low education degree, heavier medical burden or experience more times(≥3) of fistula operation had a significant negative effects on the KDQOL-SF scores (P＜0.01，P＜0.01，P＜0.05，P＜0.01，P＜0.01). We didn't find any significant correlation between the KDQOL-SF score and each biochemistry indicator such as hemoglobin, serum albumin and so on. Conclusions Age, employment status, education degree, medical burden and operation times of internal fistula significantly influence the Quality of Life in these patients. No biochemistry indicator was found to affect the Quality of Life.