Objective To explore the reliability and validity of Kidney Disease Questionnaire (KDQ) on measuring life quality in patients on maintenance hemodialysis. Method Convenient sampling was used. A total of 100 patients on maintenance hemodialysis from the Hemodialysis Center of People’s Hospital were tested. The self-designed questionnaire includes three parts, namely the demographical data, SF-36 short form, and KDQ. Data regarding life quality of the patients were calculated to assess the reliability and validity of KDQ. Results The test-retest reliability of KDQ was 0.706, and the split-half reliability was 0.821. Except for the subscale of physical symptoms, Cronbach’s a coefficient of subscales ranged from 0.508～0.852. The questionnaire also showed good construction validity and criterion-related validity. Conclusion KDQ can be served as a proper scale to measure life quality in patients on hemodialysis.