Objective To predict the risk factors relating to the decline of residual renal function (RRF) in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. Methods All patients with baseline urine volume exceeding 750ml/24h were included, and the primary outcome was defined as the occurrence of oliguria (urine volume ≤ 400ml/24h). A total of 76 CAPD patients were included in this study. We established regression models to analyze the relationship between the decline of RRF and the baseline indices of hemodynamics, blood biochemistry, dialysis adequacy, blood pressure and pulse wave velocity. Results The mean follow-up time was (10.32±1.73) months. Primary outcome occurred in 24 patients (31.6%), and their average period progressed to the primary outcome was (5.1±2.0) months. The 24 patients had lower GFR (P＜0.05), higher percentage of peritonitis (P＜0.05), higher serum creatinine (P＜0.005), and lower hemoglobin (P＜0.005), as compared with those of the patients without the primary outcome. Based on the results of multivariable Cox regression analysis, serum albumin (B=-0.118, P＜0.05), GFR (B=-0.371, P＜0.05) and systolic pressure (B=0.031, P＜0.01) contributed to the decline of RRF significantly. Conclusion In CAPD patients, normal serum albumin and GFR are the factors to protect RRF from decline, and the higher systolic pressure predicts rapid decline of RRF.