【Abstract】　Objective　To investigate age, sex and primary disease of incident hemodialysis patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Beijing in 2007. Methods Based on the information from the database issued by Beijing Hemodialysis Quality Control Improvement Center (BJHDQCIC), we analyzed age, sex and primary disease in 1732 ESRD patients newly treated with hemodialysis in Beijing in 2007. 　Results In 2007 in Beijing, 1732 cases began to treated with hemodialysis. The male/female ratio was 1.35:1, and 73.6% patients were in the age range of 41～80 years. The most frequent primary diseases were primary glomerulonephritis 27.97%, diabetic nephropathy 23.19%, and hypertensive nephropathy 13.21%. Conclusion In this study, the major primary disease leading to ESRD and hemodialysis was primary glomerulonephritis. In the recent 5 years, however, the ratio of primary glomerulonephritis in the hemodialysis patients is decreasing, and that of diabetic nephropathy is increasing.