【Abstract】 Objective To study the influence of anti-hepatitis B core antigen antibody (HBcAb) on renal transplantation patients. Methods Patients were divided into 3 groups based on the markers for hepatitis B virus infection: Group A (HBsAg+ and HBcAb+), Group B (HBsAg- and HBcAb+), and Group C (HBsAg- and HBcAb-). Liver damage and kidney function were analyzed among the 3 groups after renal transplantation. Results The incidence of liver damage was 52.0% in group A, 36.8% in group B, and 8.69% in group C. Significant differences were found among the 3 groups. Conclusions Liver damage is frequently seen in patients with positive HBcAb after transplantation.