【Abstract】 Objective This study was designed to evaluate the life quality (LQ) and the factors affecting LQ in hemodialysis (HD) patients in Urumqi, and to provide useful information for clinical and other related services for counseling. Methods We recruited 169 HD patients from dialysis units in the 3 hospitals in Urumqi. Marital status, employment and recreational activities were questioned, and Quality of life scale in Short Form-36 (SF-36) was used to measure the health-related LQ. Results (a) The overall SF-36 scores were (50.10±20.87) in HD patients. (b) The body pain score was higher in males than in females. The overall score of LQ and other parameters by SF-36 were indifferent between Han and minority nationalities patients, but were lower in HD patients with diabetic nephropathy than those without diabetic nephropathy, as well as in jobless HD patients than those with employment. (c) Age of the patients was negatively correlated with the overall score by SF-36, physical functioning, physiological activity and vitality, but was positively correlated with emotional functioning and mental health. Education and employment were positively correlated with social status and mental health of the patients. (d) Factors affecting the LQ score by SF-36 included age, education employment, and diabetes. Conclusion The LQ scores in HD patients in Urumqi were comparable to those in patients in Guangzhou and Wuhan cities, but were inferior to those in HD patients in western countries and Japan. Many factors influence the LQ scores in HD patients. Subsequently, multidisciplinary efforts including medical management, services from government and social security department are indispensable to promote LQ in HD patients.