【Abstract】Objective To evaluate the anxiety disorder and it impacts on life quality in patients with maintenance hemodialysis. Methods We recruited 102 patients with end stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for more than 3 months in this dialysis center. Patients’ anxiety status was evaluated by Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), and their life quality was assessed by SF-36 scales. Based on HAMA score, patients were then divided into 2 groups: 40 patients having HAMA score 0-14 in group A (no anxiety disorder), and 62 patients with HAMA score higher than 14 in group B (clinical anxiety disorder). Univariate analysis was performed to determine the effects of the variables including age, gender, marital satisfaction, employment status, education, dialysis status and biochemistry parameters on mental status, to evaluate the psychosocial impact of anxiety disorder on life quality of the patients. Result The data that 62 of the 102 patients were in group B indicate 60.78% of these patients with anxiety disorder. Univariate analysis demonstrated that gender and employment status contributed negative effects on mental status (P<0.05). Clinical correlation analysis showed that intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) positively correlated with HAMA score (r =0.384, P=0.000). Anxiety disorder had a significantly negative effects on physical function (PF), role physical (RP), general health (GH), vitality (VT), social function (SF), role emotional (RE), mental health (MH), physical component summary (PCS) and mental component summary (MCS) (P<0.01). Conclusions The prevalence rate of anxiety disorder in patients with maintenance hemodialysis was relatively high. Female, unemployment and high iPTH level are the risk factors for anxiety disorder. Anxiety disorder can lead to a significant drop in life quality in patients with maintenance hemodialysis.