Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective Effective immunoprotection has great benefits for hemodialysis(HD) patients who have the high risk of infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV).However, the lower response to hepatitis B vaccination is observed in HD patients. The aim of this study was to research the effects of vaccination by two ways. Methods 50 chronic HD patients with normal aminotransferase levels, seronegative for HBsAg, anti-HBc, and anti-HBs antibodies were divided into two groups.:patients of group A (32 HD patients) received 4 doses of 20ug recombinant hepatitis B vaccine by i.m route in the deltoid region at 0, 1, 6 and 9 months,;patients of group B (18 chronic HD patients)received 6 doses of 5ug recombinant hepatitis B vaccine at 2 every two weeks by i.d route on the volar surface of the forearm. Protective seroconversion is indicated by the serum levels of hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) equal to or higher than 10 mIU/ml. Serum anti-HBs were tested 1-3 months after completion of vaccination.The differences of protective antibody seroconversion rate between the two groups were analyzed. Results 25 patients in group A have had the protective antibody (protective seroconversion rate was 78.12%) while 16 patients in group B have had the protective antibody (protective seroconversion rate was 88.89%),there are difference between the two groups.The level of antibody titers in group A is higher than group B,there is significant difference between two groups .There are no differences among two groups for the sex, age, course, creatinine level, albumin level, hemoglobin level(P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with the traditional methods of hepatitis B vaccination, Long course of intramuscular injection as well as repeated low-dose intradermal injection of recombinant hepatitis B vaccine may produce a higher percentage of protective antibodies,while the latter was more higher. The level of antibody titers in group of long period、routine doses with i.m route is higher than in group of multiple low doses with i.d route .The sample is small in this study,,it need further study .

Key words: Hemodialysis patients, Seroconversion