【Abstract】 Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in the treatment of critical influenza type H1N1 infection patients. Methods We treated 4 critical influenza type H1N1 infection patients with ECMO during the period of Oct. 3 to Dec. 25, 2009. Results After the ECMO treatment, 3 of the 4 patients evacuated from ECMO devices successfully. Two patients died, and two patients discharged from hospital. During the treatment, the oxygenation index increased from 48~77mmHg (mean 59.8mmHg) to 122~254mmHg (mean 191.8mmHg). The complications included hemorrhage, catheter related infection, and thrombosis in oxygenation membrane. Conclusion ECMO support may be helpful for some influenza infection patients with severe pulmonary failure refractory to conventional management.