Abstract: Objective: To investigate the risk factors and outcome of the Peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients with abdominal wall hernia. Methods: We recruited 436 PD patients from Shanghai Ruijin Hospital. Baseline characteristics and follow-up data were recorded. All the participants were divided into Group A (normal group, n = 409) and Group B (hernia group, n = 27) based on whether abdominal wall hernia occurred. Logistic regression analysis was performed. Results: The hernia rate was 6.2% (30 events). The incidence of hernia was 0.054 times/patient years and the average time of first hernia was 21.86 ± 27.58 weeks. Among all patients, 22 were inguinal hernia (81.48%), 2 were incisional hernia(7.4%), 2 were umbilical hernia(7.4%) and 1 was multiple hernia(3.7%). There were similar diabetes (27.62% vs 22.22%), polycystic kidney disease (1.5% vs 0) and laparoscopic implantation of catheter (8.31% vs 18.51%) in two groups. Patients in group A were younger (59.33 ± 17.73 vs 65.07 ± 13.27), less male (54.27% vs 85.16%), less abdominal surgery history (19.32% vs. 37.04%) and higher body mass index (BMI) (22.53 ± 3.52 vs 20.96 ± 2.38) than group B (P <0.05). Two groups had similar baseline characterics. Patients in group A had higher serum creatinine (697.00 ± 370.50 vs 545.50 ± 338.75,) and triglycerides (1.56 ± 1.24 vs 0.98 ± 0.92) levels than group B. Serum creatinine (OR=0.993, P=0.04) and triglyceride (OR=0.084, P=0.04) were negatively correlated with hernia. Conclusion: Inguinal hernia is the most common type of abdominal wall hernia in PD patients. Previous abdominal surgery, smaller body size, older men and poor nutritional status were the risk factors of PD complicating with hernia.