Abstract: [objective] to analyze the occurrence of hospitalization and deaths of the maintenance hemodialysis patients in our hemodialysis center, and the risk factors which affect the maintenance hemodialysis patients hospitalization and death occurred. [methods] we retrospectively analyzed 310 patients who had been treated with MHD for more than 3 months during the period between Aurgust 2010 and December 2012. The occurrence of hospitalization and deaths was recorded in the period. Hospitalization and/or deaths were defined as an adverse event。Age, sex, duration of hemodialysis, body mass index(BMI), blood pressure, kt/v, c reaction protion(CRP), total cholesterol(CHO), triglyceride(TG), high density lipoprotein(HDL), low density lipoprotein(LDL), serum albumin(ALB), hemoglobin(HGB), calcium(Ca), phosphorus(P), parathyroid hormone(PTH), and calcification score were compared between group with endpoint events and group with no endpoint events. Correlation analysis was made for risk factors relating to the endpoint event. [results] 1)At the end of the observation period, there were 146 cases times of hospitalization，annual rate of hospitalization is 1059 hospitalizations per 1000 patients. The top three causes of hospitalization were infection(45.8%), cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications(22.6%), vascular access(8.9%). 2) 30 patients was died. The rate of death was 69 per 1000 patients year. The first reason of death was cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complications(56.6%), the next reason of death was infection(23.3%). 3) 208 patients were involved in the analysis about the risk factors finally. Older mean age, higher calcification score , lower serum albumin , and lower hemoglobin were founded in group with endpoint events than group with no endpoint events. Logistic regression analysis showed that lower serum albumin, older age and lower hemoglobin were the risk factors of hospitalization and death. [conclusions] cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease, infection are the common causes leading to hospitalization and death in MHD patients. older age, lower serum albumin and lower hemoglobin were the independent risk factors of hospitalization and death.