Abstract: Abstract Objective: To compared the outcomes of autogenous brachial-basilic arteriovenous fistula (BBAVF) and AV graft (AVG) in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis. Methods: We analyzed 61 complex patients, 30 randomized to receive AVG and 31 received BBAVF. We compared patency rates of BBAVF and AVG in 3 months, 1 year, 2years, 3years, and complication rates. Results: Patency rates of BBAVF in 1 year, 2years, 3years were higher than patency rates of AVG. The complication rates of infection and thrombosis were significantly higher for BBAVF than for AVG（P<0.05, respectively）. Conclusions: BBAVF has the advantage of a higher patency rate, a lower complicantion rates of infection and thrombosis, should be served as a favourable choice in building the vascular access in maintenance hemodialysis patients.