Abstract: [Abstract] Objective The aim was to investigate the incidence of hepatitis C virus infection among hemodialysis patients and find out the related risk factors. Methods We take 183 patients who are treated in our hemodialysis center over 3 months as the object of study and collect the information to analyze. Results 19 patients(10.38%) have infection in our center. Positive anti-HCV antibody was found in 13 patients, and HCV-RNA was found in 19 patients. Univariate analysis of the 2 groups indicated that the HCV infention was associated with more times of allopatric hemodialysis, longer duration on hemodialysis, total times on hemodialysis, dialyzer reuse, history of hepatitis B (P＜0.05 ). Logistic analysis indicated that allopatric hemodialysis（OR=1.060，95%CI=1.019~1.103，P=0.004）and infection of HBV（OR=3.816，95%CI=1.119~13.009，P=0.032）were the independent risk factors of HCV infection. Conclusion Maintenance hemodialysis patients are high-risk groups of HCV infection. Adopting strict isolation and comprehensive measures（establish the specialzed rooms for HCV positive patients and HCV negative patients with separated machines, proper P/N ratio, avoid from sharing the same intravenous drug and reusing dialyzer, reducing allopatric hemodialysis）can reduce the HCV infection rate among hemodialysis patients.

Key words: Maintenance hemodialysis, Infection of Hepatitis C virus, Risk factors