Abstract: 【Abstract】Objective To investigate the effect of peritonitis frequency on survival rate of peritoneal dialysis patients. Methods The subjects were adult patients with end- stage renal disease (aged ≥ 18 years) newly admitted to peritoneal dialysis from January 2006 to April 2014. They were followed up till December 2020. COX regression model was used to analyze the related factors of all-cause death. The patients were divided into three groups according to the frequency of peritonitis: group A (＜0.2 episode/ year), Group B(0.2～0.5 episode/year), and Group C (＞0.5 episode/year). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX regression
model were used to analyze the survival rate of the three groups. Results A total of 221 peritoneal dialysis patients were enrolled. After multivariate COX regression, the patients' age (HR=1.058, 95% CI 1.040～1.076，P＜0.001), Charlson complication index (HR=1.274, 95% CI 1.107～1.466, P = 0.001), time-averaged iPTH (HR=0.998, 95% CI 0.996～0.999, P=0.001) and the frequency of peritonitis (HR=3.301, 95% CI 2.098～5.196,P＜0.001) were independent risk factors for predicting death. The overall survival rate was different among the three groups (χ2=99.473，P＜0.001). The risk of death in group C was higher than that in group A (HR=2.022, 95% CI 1.184～3.452, P=0.010), and group B (HR=3.450, 95% CI 1.723～6.906, P＜0.001). But the risk of death was no difference between group A and group B (HR=1.013, 95% CI 0.621～1.652, P=0.958). Conclusion The frequency of peritonitis can affect the survival of patients with peritoneal dialysis. However, there is a threshold for its impact: when the frequency of peritonitis exceeds 0.5 episode/year, the risk of death increases.

Key words: Peritoneal dialysis, Peritonitis, Survival rate